What is aleph-zero built on?

Could you elaborate on the technological foundation of Aleph-zero? I'm particularly interested in understanding the CORE principles and components that it's constructed upon. Is it based on existing blockchain protocols, or does it introduce novel concepts? Furthermore, how does Aleph-zero's architecture enable it to achieve the scalability, privacy, and interoperability claims that it makes? Any insights into the technological stack or the decision-making process behind its design would be highly appreciated.